Lighting ships | Engineering, technical sciences, materials, papers, studies
All physical bodies naturally emit and absorb energy, called the radiant. This energy is distributed in nature in the form of electromagnetic waves of different lengths. Lighting use radiant energy in the visible spectrum.
Normal human eye perceives electromagnetic oscillations with a wavelength in the range 0,38 0,77 mk. Accordingly, led solutions the sensitivity of the eye at the different led solutions lengths are unequal. Radiant energy that is perceived led solutions o assess the human eye is called light energy. They are sized in lumens / second.
The power of this energy is called luminous flux and sized in lumens. For reference lumen luminous flux is adopted, which is emitted by a blackbody radiating area 0.5303 mm 2 at 2046 K.
The unit of brightness in the SI is candela per square meter (cd / m 2). The brightness of a uniformly illuminated surface is 1 cd / m 2, where the perpendicular direction of 1 m 2 is obtained intensity 1 cd. This unit is called a rivet (nt).
Another important feature is brightness. Brightness physical quantities characterizing the relationship between the luminous flux incident led solutions on a surface, and the area of this surface. The unit of light in SI is a luxury means with lx (1 lux = 1 lumen per square meter).
The magnitude of light is used to evaluate the lighting in the production and living conditions. Rational lighting in the workplace and room allows people led solutions to maintain their vision, led solutions health and vitality, increase labor productivity and poured accidents. Therefore, the concept of light is the one of the main categories of labor protection and safety technology. The shipping registries mentioned minimum standards for lighting for all rooms. led solutions To measure the brightness using luksomer where the sensitive element is a photocell and meter - galvanometer-calibrated in lux.
Ships electric lights provide illumination led solutions of outdoor spaces and interior spaces. It is especially important to the life and work of crews as most areas of the ship in need of round the clock lighting. Lighting at the shipping and ship related signaling means to ensure the safety of ships in move mode or stand.
The main lighting is designed for decks, led solutions housing and machinery spaces, bilges, corridors, spotlights and beacons. Networks based lighting is powered from the main switchboard (MDB) in a separate section. Typically welding transformers are at least two, which ensures high reliability.
Luminaries who have to work in case of main power, receive power from the emergency led solutions switchboard (ART). ART receive led solutions power all lighting consumers, which, according to the ship registers must have a dual power supply, ie by MDB and ART. These are distinctive signal lights, lights, next to the control stations of the sprinkler system and the main engines to the control panel of the powerplant and MDB on the bridge, emergency diesel generator, the shipping powerhouse, gangways and corridors.
Supplementary emergency lighting switches on automatically and is powered by batteries in case of power from the MDB and ART and must work at least 30 minutes, led solutions if the vessel has an emergency diesel generator.
Portable lighting led solutions is low voltage with a voltage 12 24. Portable lamps switched to contacts of the low voltage network, powered by batteries or lowering transformers.
Filament lamp (Fig. 57) is composed led solutions of the following elements: tungsten filament or glass bulb and socket, which can be type Edison led solutions (screw) or mount (with pin attachment). The basic principle of operation of the lamp filament led solutions is current flow through the coil, which consequently is heated in the temperature range of 2400 3000 C. In this temperature range produce light in the visible spectrum. The lamps are: vacuum (at power up to 25W) and gas-expanded (at more than 40W). When the suction air is drawn, led solutions and when the gas-filled flask is filled with an inert gas - argon mixed with nitrogen. The main parameters of filament led solutions lamps are voltage and power.
Neon (Fig. 58) lamps are kind of gazosvetnite. They emit light when current in dilute gases (neon, argon, helium) or in money metals (mercury, sodium). For electric discharge in gases, electrical energy is converted into light, the color of the light depends on the gas or vapor of the metal. Fluorescent lamps are also gazosvetni lamps, but use no glow of the gas (argon), and the world
All physical bodies naturally emit and absorb energy, called the radiant. This energy is distributed in nature in the form of electromagnetic waves of different lengths. Lighting use radiant energy in the visible spectrum.
Normal human eye perceives electromagnetic oscillations with a wavelength in the range 0,38 0,77 mk. Accordingly, led solutions the sensitivity of the eye at the different led solutions lengths are unequal. Radiant energy that is perceived led solutions o assess the human eye is called light energy. They are sized in lumens / second.
The power of this energy is called luminous flux and sized in lumens. For reference lumen luminous flux is adopted, which is emitted by a blackbody radiating area 0.5303 mm 2 at 2046 K.
The unit of brightness in the SI is candela per square meter (cd / m 2). The brightness of a uniformly illuminated surface is 1 cd / m 2, where the perpendicular direction of 1 m 2 is obtained intensity 1 cd. This unit is called a rivet (nt).
Another important feature is brightness. Brightness physical quantities characterizing the relationship between the luminous flux incident led solutions on a surface, and the area of this surface. The unit of light in SI is a luxury means with lx (1 lux = 1 lumen per square meter).
The magnitude of light is used to evaluate the lighting in the production and living conditions. Rational lighting in the workplace and room allows people led solutions to maintain their vision, led solutions health and vitality, increase labor productivity and poured accidents. Therefore, the concept of light is the one of the main categories of labor protection and safety technology. The shipping registries mentioned minimum standards for lighting for all rooms. led solutions To measure the brightness using luksomer where the sensitive element is a photocell and meter - galvanometer-calibrated in lux.
Ships electric lights provide illumination led solutions of outdoor spaces and interior spaces. It is especially important to the life and work of crews as most areas of the ship in need of round the clock lighting. Lighting at the shipping and ship related signaling means to ensure the safety of ships in move mode or stand.
The main lighting is designed for decks, led solutions housing and machinery spaces, bilges, corridors, spotlights and beacons. Networks based lighting is powered from the main switchboard (MDB) in a separate section. Typically welding transformers are at least two, which ensures high reliability.
Luminaries who have to work in case of main power, receive power from the emergency led solutions switchboard (ART). ART receive led solutions power all lighting consumers, which, according to the ship registers must have a dual power supply, ie by MDB and ART. These are distinctive signal lights, lights, next to the control stations of the sprinkler system and the main engines to the control panel of the powerplant and MDB on the bridge, emergency diesel generator, the shipping powerhouse, gangways and corridors.
Supplementary emergency lighting switches on automatically and is powered by batteries in case of power from the MDB and ART and must work at least 30 minutes, led solutions if the vessel has an emergency diesel generator.
Portable lighting led solutions is low voltage with a voltage 12 24. Portable lamps switched to contacts of the low voltage network, powered by batteries or lowering transformers.
Filament lamp (Fig. 57) is composed led solutions of the following elements: tungsten filament or glass bulb and socket, which can be type Edison led solutions (screw) or mount (with pin attachment). The basic principle of operation of the lamp filament led solutions is current flow through the coil, which consequently is heated in the temperature range of 2400 3000 C. In this temperature range produce light in the visible spectrum. The lamps are: vacuum (at power up to 25W) and gas-expanded (at more than 40W). When the suction air is drawn, led solutions and when the gas-filled flask is filled with an inert gas - argon mixed with nitrogen. The main parameters of filament led solutions lamps are voltage and power.
Neon (Fig. 58) lamps are kind of gazosvetnite. They emit light when current in dilute gases (neon, argon, helium) or in money metals (mercury, sodium). For electric discharge in gases, electrical energy is converted into light, the color of the light depends on the gas or vapor of the metal. Fluorescent lamps are also gazosvetni lamps, but use no glow of the gas (argon), and the world
No comments:
Post a Comment