Lighting and light vehicles significantly affect active and passive vehicle safety in road traffic.

Lighting and light vehicles significantly affect active and passive vehicle safety in road traffic. Headlights car, whether driving, passing or fog give the driver the possibility of reduced visibility in sufficient lights banner time to observe a potential roadblock in the roadway. In addition, lit lamps helping other drivers and pedestrians to observe our vehicle. Other equipment lighting and light-signaling devices such as indicators, brake lights and marker lights, turn allow other road users in a timely lights banner manner to determine our intentions while driving and adapt their behavior.
Methodical guideline transport ministries to control the settings dipped-beam headlamps lights banner and fog lamps of vehicles of categories M, N and L in the technical inspection in accordance with 99 písm.m) Act č.725/2004 on the conditions for the operation of vehicles on the road as amended.
Unit is the candela [cd]. Between luminous flux and luminous true relationship I = dF / dɸ. ɸ is the solid angle in steradian [sr]. Brightness - L - relative intensity distribution of the light emitting surface of the source.
Unit is the thread for which valid [nt] = [cd/m2]. Brightness relation holds for L = dI / dS cosɸ. With the illuminating surface and ɸ is the angle between the direction of observation and perpendicular to the illuminating surface. Lighting - E - density of luminous flux incident on a particular area.
In practice, often assessed intensity of the light source, reported under electric power in watts. This figure can only be used to compare similar types of lamps with light source because the conversion efficiency of electricity to light the different types of light sources varies considerably.
Light color is the eye of the driver is very important. lights banner For man is most natural to watch your surroundings when sunlight or. with lighting similar colors. lights banner Despite the fact that you have more powerful lights banner illumination, its unnatural color would already after a short time causing difficulties in following the surroundings. The light color temperature is measured in Kelvin. lights banner
1700 K: flame of a match. 2000 K: Sunset lights banner summer sun. 2800 K: Incandescent bulb. 3200 K: Halogen bulb car. 3400 K: Studio and photographic lights banner lights. 4100-4500 K: Xenon lamp car. 5000 K daylight. 5770 K: Sunlight. 6000 K LED. 7500 K: Overcast weather. 8000 K: Light blue light. 9300 The TV screen (analog).
The most widespread source of light motor vehicles are Tungsten filament. Bulbs are made for all common supply voltages in the vehicle, ie 6 V, 12 V and 24 V. Another source of light used currently in the lights are incandescent sources, where the source of light radiation is a gas discharge. The last of the types are elektroluminscencné sources (LEDs), which are commonly used in instrument panel, the control and indicator lights banner light, so-called. "Headlights" and currently in more expensive vehicle lights banner types as conventional light sources in the lights. lights banner Comparison of different types of light sources in motor vehicles Light source Incandescent bulb Halogen lamp LED Brightness (nt) 1400 2000 6000 - Luminous flux (lm) min. 400 1550 3200 -3500 - Color temperature (K) 2800 3200 4200 to 8000 5500 to 6000 Power (W) 45/40 max. 68 35 low luminous efficacy (lm.m -2), about 18 22-26 90 130 Lifetime (hours) 600 1000 2500 -3200 10000
According to the type of lights: headlights lights banner - + light source optical system to send light into the space, lights - world. source with smaller light output can be directed or unrectified, reflectors - contain glass that is optically adjusted to reflect the light emitted by different light sources.
The bulb is the most common lights banner source of light in the vehicle. Must operate under very adverse conditions: fiber must be resistant to changes in supply voltage, incandescent filament must withstand shock and vibration, not to change the geometric position of the fibers to the holder.
The use of bulbs as the light source in the vehicle brings several advantages. Tungsten filament has favorable properties in terms of optics, fiber geometry because the lamp is approaching the point light source, which is advantageous especially in the lights. In addition, the bulbs can be powered directly from the on-board vehicle network. Bulbs disadvantage is their limited life span and sensitivity lights banner to changes in the size of the supply voltage and low luminous efficiency. With increasing voltage increases the temperature of the filament and light output, but significantly shortens the life of the bulb. When voltage which may be caused, for example. lights banner dysfunctional voltage regulator alternator loss on poor quality contacts and so on., luminous flux decreases.
In incandescent bulbs emits light tungsten filament. By shining lights banner a beam of light takes place in addition to the slow evaporation of the tungsten filament molecules to the bank (the melting point of tungsten is 3400 C). Evaporated tungsten lights banner is deposited n